Kabul air perilous to health

“In terms of air pollution we are facing a crisis in Kabul,” said Dad Mohammad Baheer, the deputy director of NEPA.

“Over 70% of diseases in Kabul are linked to air pollution, unclean water and solid waste,” he said, adding that children were particularly susceptible to various diseases originating from toxic pollutants in the air.

Severe air pollution causes respiratory disorders, eye and nasal problems, and is one of the major causes of lung cancer, public health experts say.

“Over the past few years diagnosed cases of cancer, mainly among children, have increased considerably,” said Baheer.

A short stroll in Kabul during the daytime leads to clear evidence – when one blows one’s nose on a handkerchief - of the polluted atmosphere.

Kabul has also lost over 70% of its greenery, particularly trees, over the past two decades, NEPA’s findings show.

Polluting vehicles

Vehicle emissions are considered a major contributor to air pollution: Every month Kabul’s one million vehicles are added to by over 8,000 new vehicles registered with the Kabul traffic department, officials said. Most vehicles in Kabul are over 10 years old and more polluting than modern ones.

“The problem in Kabul is compounded by the widespread use of substandard car fuel and old engines,” said Baheer.

Power cuts and the absence a national natural gas grid mean that many households use wood, coal and heating oil for cooking and heating.

Moreover, some brick factories, public baths and small businesses burn old tyres, plastic and combustible waste to run their businesses more cheaply. Toxic pollutants, sulphur oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and carbon dioxide are emitted, NEPA experts say.

“Poor waste management – both solid and otherwise - is yet another major problem in Kabul which also damages the air quality,” said Baheer.

Unlike some other capital cities, Kabul has the added problem of its arid and mountainous landscape and lack of nearby woodlands, according to NEPA.

Kabul faces numerous environmental problems: a virtually non-existent sewage and sanitation system, burgeoning slums, crumbling infrastructure and rapid population growth. The fledging environmental protection agency will have an uphill struggle in improving air quality.

“We have to act fast and execute a series of projects such as the rehabilitation of forests and promotion of greenery, ban the import and use of substandard fuel, improve waste management... and build and strengthen our own institutional capacity”, said Baheer.