Nepal Elections

Nepalgunj: Radha Biswokarma is ecstatic that the former Maoist rebels won a landslide victory in the historic Constituent Assembly (CA) elections held in Nepal on April 10.

“Finally, we will have a lot of Dalits in the government,” said Biswokarma, who, according to the Hindu caste system, is of low caste and known as a Dalit, meaning ‘untouchable’ or ‘outcast’.

Dalits are among the most neglected, socially discriminated and economically deprived of Nepalese communities and have always been under-represented in Nepalese politics and civil administration, analysts say.

According to a 2001 census by Nepal’s Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Dalits make up about 13% of the country’s 29 million inhabitants. However, some local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) say they make up more than 20% of the population.

Party for the poor and neglected

The Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist (CPNM) was the first political force to advocate for the rights of Dalits, who strongly supported the Maoists’ armed rebellion, dubbed the ‘People’s War’, according to political analysts.

The former rebels trained and recruited Dalits in most of the country’s 75 districts to work as their political cadres.

The recent election results show that Dalits were among the key voters for the Maoists. “I believe in their promises and this is why I voted for them despite being a communist party,” Ram Hari Sunwar, a Dalit villager, said.

The elections for the 601-member CA were contested by 55 parties in 240 constituencies. More than 10.7 million Nepalese voted, according to Nepal’s independent Election Commission.

By way of a mixed parallel voting system - First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) and Proportional Representation (PR) - the Maoists won 220 of the 601 seats, while the Nepali Congress party came second with 110 seats and the Communist Party of Nepal (UML) third with 103 seats.

“Our real representatives were elected”

“For the first time, I will see a leader from my own community,” said Sushila Nepali, a Dalit woman from west Nepal. She explained that the Maoists were the only party to have Dalit representatives elected in the assembly.

Other excluded groups, such as indigenous communities known as Janjati and the ethnic Madhesi group, also voted for the Maoists in large numbers.

“My vote didn’t go in vain as more Janjatis were elected and I am so happy that we will see many people from my community representing us,” said Sita Lama, a Janjati Nepali.

Of the 62 representatives Janjatis elected to the CA, 40 belong to the Maoist party.

"The Maoists won because people thought this was the party that would do more than other parties," said local independent analyst Janardhan Acharya, adding that there would also be more female representatives in parliament now. Of the 29 women elected to the CA, 23 were Maoist.

High expectations

According to the Election Commission, the Maoists also managed to get a lot of support from the Madhesi people.

"It's time for a change of leadership and we have a lot of hope in the Maoist leaders to change the lives of millions of poor Nepalese," said Sita Kurmi, a local female Madhesi voter who added that now there was a chance for the Maoists to prove themselves.

But Kurmi also warned that Maoists should not take their current support for granted as high expectations have been placed on them to tackle the economic problems and hardship - including increasing food prices - which many Nepalese face.

Forming a new government

The new cabinet will nominate the remaining 26 members of the special assembly.

Baburam Bhattarai, seen as number-two in the Maoist party and a potential prime minister said that the first act of the new assembly would be to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic.

The Maoists have already begun courting other political parties in an effort to form a coalition government.

But analysts say Nepal's history of squabble-laden politics and the reluctance of some top parties to join a Maoist-led government could delay the formation of a new government.

The Nepali Congress and the CPN-UML are wary they will be marginalised in a Maoist-led government, analysts say.

Also, the Nepali media and analysts have said the country's interim constitution does not have clear direction on transition of power, something that could delay the formation of the new government.